Theory that an enourmess big enough explosion inside a dimension can create a new dimension.
Interesting:
Calculating how big the explosion was that created this dimension
Seeing if there are comparable space explosions and more
From Jeffrey Koelewijn on 29 december 2016
donderdag 29 december 2016
dinsdag 22 november 2016
Making matter (theoretical)
Making matter (theorethical)
One: Making an atom, electron shell
Two: Making multiple atoms and bonding them together to form molecules
Three: Binding molecules into the right structure to eventually form visable matter
Theory from Jeffrey Koelewijn in november 2016
One: Making an atom, electron shell
Two: Making multiple atoms and bonding them together to form molecules
Three: Binding molecules into the right structure to eventually form visable matter
Theory from Jeffrey Koelewijn in november 2016
maandag 14 november 2016
Magnets and magnetism
Magnets and magnetism
Magnets have a magnetic field consisting out of a north pole and a south pole and are able to attract ferrous material, especially iron, but also nickel and cobalt.
There are different types of magnets and with different strengths.
There are permanent magnets like neodynium and ferrite and there are non permanent magnets like alnico and magnetised iron.
Strengths:
Neodynium is a very strong magnet.
While ferrite is a weaker sort of magnet.
Alnico (aluminium, nickel, cobalt) is a strong non permanent type of magnet.
And simply magnetised iron or steel aren't that strong.
Magnetite
Magnetite is a magnetic stone
Electromagnetism
EM magnets
Compass
A compass needle is partly magnetised and always points toward the north.
Diamagnetism
A small neodynium magnet can be levitated above or in between bismuth.
Pyrolytic graphite can be levitated above neodynium magnets.
Meissner
Magnetic levitation
Electromagnetic levitation
Maglev
Maglev trains
Applications in electronics
Magnets have a magnetic field consisting out of a north pole and a south pole and are able to attract ferrous material, especially iron, but also nickel and cobalt.
There are different types of magnets and with different strengths.
There are permanent magnets like neodynium and ferrite and there are non permanent magnets like alnico and magnetised iron.
Strengths:
Neodynium is a very strong magnet.
While ferrite is a weaker sort of magnet.
Alnico (aluminium, nickel, cobalt) is a strong non permanent type of magnet.
And simply magnetised iron or steel aren't that strong.
Magnetite
Magnetite is a magnetic stone
Electromagnetism
EM magnets
Compass
A compass needle is partly magnetised and always points toward the north.
Diamagnetism
A small neodynium magnet can be levitated above or in between bismuth.
Pyrolytic graphite can be levitated above neodynium magnets.
Meissner
Magnetic levitation
Electromagnetic levitation
Maglev
Maglev trains
Applications in electronics
Energy production
Energy production
Sun
Photovoltaics - Solar cells. Solar panels
Photovoltaics convert light into electricity using semiconducting materials that perform the photovoltaic effect.
Types of solar cells:
Black silicon
Achievements up to 22 percent efficiency
Perovskite solar cell
Up to 22 percent efficiency
Monocrystalline silicon
Around 15 percent efficiency
Polycrystalline silicon
Amorphous silicon
Thick film and thin film
And more
New photovoltaic technology:
Tandem and multi junction solar cells
With each layer having its own efficiencies due to the wavelengths of light
Wind
Wind Energy
Normal
And axis
Water stream dynamo's and dams (hydroelectricity)
Tidal power plants and sea wave energy
Sunlight reflection
And turning water into steam to drive a turbine
Biomass
Laser powerplant
Produces energy by colliding laser beams.
Nuclear fusion
Geothermal power plants
Thre three basic types of geothermal power plants are:
Dry steam, flash steam and binary cycle.
Nuclear powerplants
Atom splitting of for example uranium or plutonium. Nuclear fission
Thorium reactors
Thermal power plants
Fossile fuels
Coals, gas and petrolium.
Written by Jeffrey Koelewijn
Sun
Photovoltaics - Solar cells. Solar panels
Photovoltaics convert light into electricity using semiconducting materials that perform the photovoltaic effect.
Types of solar cells:
Black silicon
Achievements up to 22 percent efficiency
Perovskite solar cell
Up to 22 percent efficiency
Monocrystalline silicon
Around 15 percent efficiency
Polycrystalline silicon
Amorphous silicon
Thick film and thin film
And more
New photovoltaic technology:
Tandem and multi junction solar cells
With each layer having its own efficiencies due to the wavelengths of light
Wind
Wind Energy
Normal
And axis
Water stream dynamo's and dams (hydroelectricity)
Tidal power plants and sea wave energy
Sunlight reflection
And turning water into steam to drive a turbine
Biomass
Laser powerplant
Produces energy by colliding laser beams.
Nuclear fusion
Geothermal power plants
Thre three basic types of geothermal power plants are:
Dry steam, flash steam and binary cycle.
Nuclear powerplants
Atom splitting of for example uranium or plutonium. Nuclear fission
Thorium reactors
Thermal power plants
Fossile fuels
Coals, gas and petrolium.
Written by Jeffrey Koelewijn
Drinking water
Drinking water
Natural sources 1:
Mountain and spring water
Clean ground water
2:
Rainwater
Purification:
By boiling
By filtering
Natural filtering
Membrame filtering
UV light
Desalting:
Desinilation, desalting sea water
Recycling:
Letting it stand, chemical treatment filtering and more
Written by JK
Natural sources 1:
Mountain and spring water
Clean ground water
2:
Rainwater
Purification:
By boiling
By filtering
Natural filtering
Membrame filtering
UV light
Desalting:
Desinilation, desalting sea water
Recycling:
Letting it stand, chemical treatment filtering and more
Written by JK
Life (will be updated soon)
Life
1
The right temperatures
The right distance from the sun
2
Water
Seas and oceans
The right substances
The right chemical substances
Heat, Energy
Sea gaisers for example
Time
Another theory:
Transpermia, from outer space.
But then ther's still the question how it started at the place where it came from.
From single celled to multiple celled theories.
1 Because a single celled organism grew a second cell instead of multiplying
2 Because two single celled organisms grew together
For example while extracting information
3 A colonie of single celled organism that grew together and took on different tasks.
To multi celled with different kinds of cells and more advanced forms of reproduction
Extra, possible reasons:
Because of gene evolution
Because of a new food, energy source; other building blocks or new extra building blocks
Because of new environments
Evolution
Whats needed to survive and the environment
Secondary the food sources, the available building blocks
Written by Jeffrey Koelewijn
From single celled to multiple celled theories by Jeffrey Koelewijn
1
The right temperatures
The right distance from the sun
2
Water
Seas and oceans
The right substances
The right chemical substances
Heat, Energy
Sea gaisers for example
Time
Another theory:
Transpermia, from outer space.
But then ther's still the question how it started at the place where it came from.
From single celled to multiple celled theories.
1 Because a single celled organism grew a second cell instead of multiplying
2 Because two single celled organisms grew together
For example while extracting information
3 A colonie of single celled organism that grew together and took on different tasks.
To multi celled with different kinds of cells and more advanced forms of reproduction
Extra, possible reasons:
Because of gene evolution
Because of a new food, energy source; other building blocks or new extra building blocks
Because of new environments
Evolution
Whats needed to survive and the environment
Secondary the food sources, the available building blocks
Written by Jeffrey Koelewijn
From single celled to multiple celled theories by Jeffrey Koelewijn
zondag 13 november 2016
List of the elements extra
List of the elements extra
List of the elements extra
List of chemical elements extra
Made by Jeffrey Koelewijn
There are 118 identified chemical elements
A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its atomic nucleus.
Elements are commonly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.
Elements can be more specifically divided into:
Other non metals
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Noble gases
Metalloids
Halogens
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
lanthanoids
actinoids
A list with more specifically divided elements:
Listing information;
An example with Hydrogen
The elements name : Hydrogen
The elements symbol : H
The elements atomic number: 1
7 Other non metals:
Element name Symbol Atomic number
Hydrogen H 1
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Phosphorus P 15
Sulfur S 16
Selenium Se 34
6 Alkali metals:
Lithium Li 3
Sodium Na 11
Potassium K 19
Rubidium Rb 37
Caesium Cs 55
Francium Fr 87
6 Alkaline earth metals:
Beryllium Be 4
Magnesium Mg 12
Calcium Ca 20
Strontium Sr 38
Barium Ba 56
Radium Ra 88
7 Noble gases:
Helium He 2
Neon Ne 10
Argon Ar 18
Krypton Kr 36
Xenon Xe 54
Radon Rn 86
Ununoctium Uuo 118
7 Metalloids:
Boron B 5
Silicon Si 14
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic As 33
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Polonium Po 84
6 Halogens:
Fluorine F 9
Chlorine Cl 17
Bromine Br 35
Iodine L 53
Astatine At 85
Ununseptium Uus 117
38 Transition metals:
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Co 27
Nickel Ni 28
Copper Cu 29
Zinc Zn 30
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cn 112
11 Post-transition metals:
Aluminium Al 13
Gallium Ga 31
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Ununtrium Uut 113
Flerovium Fl 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Livermorium Lv 116
15 lanthanoids:
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
15 actinoids:
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Other lists:
Natural elements:
98 identified naturally occurring elements
List of the identified natural elements:
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminum Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorous P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Ni 27
Nickel Cu 28
Copper Co 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic Ar 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Cesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Ten of these occur in extreme trace quantities:
technetium atomic number 43
promethium atomic number 61
astatine atomic number 85
francium atomic number 87
neptunium atomic number 93
plutonium atomic number 94
americium atomic number 95
curium atomic number 96
berkelium atomic number 97
and californium atomic number 98
Stable elements:
80 identified Stable elements
Stable elements are lements which contain at least one stable
isotope
List of stable elements:
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminum Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorous P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Ni 27
Nickel Cu 28
Copper Co 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic Ar 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Cesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Radioactive elements:
37 identified Radioactive Elements
38 When bismuth is counted
These elements are radioactive
They either have no stable naturally occurring isotope,
or else are entirely artificial (all artificial elements have no stable isotopes)
List of radioactive elements:
Technetium Tc 43
Promethium Pm 61
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cn 112
Ununtrium Uut 113
Ununquadium Uuq 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Ununhexium Uuh 116
Ununseptium Uus 117
Ununoctium Uuo 118
By radioactivity
1 Very slightly radioactive element
Bismuth Bi 83
6 weak and slightly radioactive elements
Technetium Tc 43
Thorium Th 90
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Curium Cm 96
5 Between weak and moderately radioactive elements
Radium Ra 88
Protactinium Pa 91
Americium Am 95
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
8 Moderately radioactive elements
Promethium Pm 61
Polonium Po 84
Radon Rn 86
Actinium Ac 89
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Dubnium Db 105
8 Highly radioactive elements
Astatine At 85
Francium Fr 87
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
10 Extremely radioactive elements
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cp 112
Ununtrium Uut 113
Ununquadium Uuq 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Ununhexium Uuh 116
Ununseptium Uus 117
Ununoctium Uuo 118
List of the elements extra
List of chemical elements extra
Made by Jeffrey Koelewijn
There are 118 identified chemical elements
A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its atomic nucleus.
Elements are commonly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.
Elements can be more specifically divided into:
Other non metals
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Noble gases
Metalloids
Halogens
Transition metals
Post-transition metals
lanthanoids
actinoids
A list with more specifically divided elements:
Listing information;
An example with Hydrogen
The elements name : Hydrogen
The elements symbol : H
The elements atomic number: 1
7 Other non metals:
Element name Symbol Atomic number
Hydrogen H 1
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Phosphorus P 15
Sulfur S 16
Selenium Se 34
6 Alkali metals:
Lithium Li 3
Sodium Na 11
Potassium K 19
Rubidium Rb 37
Caesium Cs 55
Francium Fr 87
6 Alkaline earth metals:
Beryllium Be 4
Magnesium Mg 12
Calcium Ca 20
Strontium Sr 38
Barium Ba 56
Radium Ra 88
7 Noble gases:
Helium He 2
Neon Ne 10
Argon Ar 18
Krypton Kr 36
Xenon Xe 54
Radon Rn 86
Ununoctium Uuo 118
7 Metalloids:
Boron B 5
Silicon Si 14
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic As 33
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Polonium Po 84
6 Halogens:
Fluorine F 9
Chlorine Cl 17
Bromine Br 35
Iodine L 53
Astatine At 85
Ununseptium Uus 117
38 Transition metals:
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Co 27
Nickel Ni 28
Copper Cu 29
Zinc Zn 30
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cn 112
11 Post-transition metals:
Aluminium Al 13
Gallium Ga 31
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Ununtrium Uut 113
Flerovium Fl 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Livermorium Lv 116
15 lanthanoids:
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
15 actinoids:
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Other lists:
Natural elements:
98 identified naturally occurring elements
List of the identified natural elements:
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminum Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorous P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Ni 27
Nickel Cu 28
Copper Co 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic Ar 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Cesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Ten of these occur in extreme trace quantities:
technetium atomic number 43
promethium atomic number 61
astatine atomic number 85
francium atomic number 87
neptunium atomic number 93
plutonium atomic number 94
americium atomic number 95
curium atomic number 96
berkelium atomic number 97
and californium atomic number 98
Stable elements:
80 identified Stable elements
Stable elements are lements which contain at least one stable
isotope
List of stable elements:
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminum Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorous P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Ni 27
Nickel Cu 28
Copper Co 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic Ar 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Cesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Radioactive elements:
37 identified Radioactive Elements
38 When bismuth is counted
These elements are radioactive
They either have no stable naturally occurring isotope,
or else are entirely artificial (all artificial elements have no stable isotopes)
List of radioactive elements:
Technetium Tc 43
Promethium Pm 61
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cn 112
Ununtrium Uut 113
Ununquadium Uuq 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Ununhexium Uuh 116
Ununseptium Uus 117
Ununoctium Uuo 118
By radioactivity
1 Very slightly radioactive element
Bismuth Bi 83
6 weak and slightly radioactive elements
Technetium Tc 43
Thorium Th 90
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Curium Cm 96
5 Between weak and moderately radioactive elements
Radium Ra 88
Protactinium Pa 91
Americium Am 95
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
8 Moderately radioactive elements
Promethium Pm 61
Polonium Po 84
Radon Rn 86
Actinium Ac 89
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Dubnium Db 105
8 Highly radioactive elements
Astatine At 85
Francium Fr 87
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
10 Extremely radioactive elements
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cp 112
Ununtrium Uut 113
Ununquadium Uuq 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Ununhexium Uuh 116
Ununseptium Uus 117
Ununoctium Uuo 118
List of the elements
List of the elements
List of the elements
List of chemical elements
Made by Jeffrey Koelewijn
Information:
An example with Hydrogen
The elements name : Hydrogen
The elements symbol : H
The elements atomic number: 1
List of the elements by atomic number:
Element name Symbol Atomic number
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminium Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorus P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Co 27
Nickel Ni 28
Copper Cu 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic As 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Caesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cp 112
Ununtrium Uut 113
Ununquadium Uuq 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Ununhexium Uuh 116
Ununseptium Uus 117
Ununoctium Uuo 118
List of the elements
List of chemical elements
Made by Jeffrey Koelewijn
Information:
An example with Hydrogen
The elements name : Hydrogen
The elements symbol : H
The elements atomic number: 1
List of the elements by atomic number:
Element name Symbol Atomic number
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminium Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorus P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Co 27
Nickel Ni 28
Copper Cu 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic As 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Caesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cp 112
Ununtrium Uut 113
Ununquadium Uuq 114
Ununpentium Uup 115
Ununhexium Uuh 116
Ununseptium Uus 117
Ununoctium Uuo 118
Hertz (unit of frequency)
Hertz(unit of frequency)
Part 1 Basic info:
The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI)
and is defined as one cycle per second.
Part 2 Information:
Light is electromagnetic radiation and has frequencies in the range of tens (infrared) of terahertzand thousands (ultraviolet) of terahertz.
Radio frequency radiation is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz).
The average adult human can hear sounds between 20 Hz and 16,000 Hz.
In computers, most central processing units (CPU) are labeled in terms of their clock rate expressed in megahertz or gigahertz.
gamma rays, can be measured in exahertz.
Part 3:
SI multiples for hertz (Hz):
-decahertz
-hectohertz
-Kilohertz
-Megahertz
-gigahertz
-terahertz
-petahertz
-exahertz
-zettahertz
-yottahertz
Submultiples:
decihertz
one cycle in 10 seconds
-decihertz
-centihertz
-millihertz
-microhertz
-nanohertz
-picohertz
-femtohertz
-attohertz
-zeptohertz
-yoctohertz
Part 4:
Hz = hertz
kHz = Kilohertz
MHz = Megahertz
GHz = gigahertz
THz = terahertz
PHz = petahertz
EHz = exahertz
ZHz = zettahertz
YHz = yottahertz
Part 5:
1 Hz = 0.001 kHz
10 Hz = 0.01 kHz
100 Hz = 0.1 kHz
1000 Hz = 1 kHz
2 Hz = 0.002 kHz
2000 Hz = 2 kHz
25 Hz = 0.025 kHz
2500 Hz = 2.5 kHz
25000 Hz = 25 kHz
1 kHz = 0.001 MHz
1000 kHz = 1 MHz
1 MHz = 0.001 GHz
1000 MHz = 1 GHz
1 GHz = 0.001 THz
1000 GHz = 1 THz
1 THz = 0.001 PHz
1000 THz = 1 PHz
1 PHz = 0.001 EHz
1000 PHz = 1 EHz
1 EHz = 0.001 ZHz
1000 EHz = 1 ZHz
1 ZHz = 0.001 YHz
1000 ZHz = 1 YHz
part 5 extra:
DaHz = decahertz
hHz = hectohertz
1 Hz = 0.1 DaHz
10 Hz = 1 DaHz
1 DaHz = 0.1 hHz
10 DaHz = 1 hHz
1 hHz = 0.1 kHz
10 hHz = 1 kHz
Part 6:
yHz = yoctohertz
zHz = zeptohertz
aHz = attohertz
fHz = femtohertz
pHz = picohertz
nHz = nanohertz
µHZ = microhertz
mHz = millihertz
cHZ = centihertz
dHz = decihertz
Part 7:
1 yHz = 0.001 zHz
1000 yHz = 1 zHz
1 zHz = 0.001 aHz
1000 zHz = 1 aHz
1 aHz = 0.001 fHz
1000 aHz = 1 fHz
1 fHz = 0.001 pHz
1000 fHz = 1 pHz
1 pHz = 0.001 nHz
1000 pHz = 1 nHz
1 nHz = 0.001 µHz
1000 nHz = 1 µHz
1 µHz = 0.001 mHz
1000 µHz = 1 mHz
1 mHz = 0.1 cHz
10 mHz = 1 cHz
1 cHz = 0.1 dHz
10 cHz = 1 dHz
1 dHz = 0.1 Hz
10 dHz = 1 Hz
Part 8:
Value
10 to the 1st power Hz = decahertz
10 to the 2nd power Hz = hectohertz
10 to the 3rd power Hz = kilohertz
10 to the 6th power Hz = megahertz
10 to the 9th power Hz = gigahertz
10 to the 12th power Hz = terahertz
10 to the 15th power Hz = petahertz
10 to the 18th power Hz = exahertz
10 to the 21th power Hz = zettahertz
10 to the 24th power Hz = yottahertz
Part 9:
8 Hz is 8 cycles per second
8 kHz is 8000 cycles per second
8 GHz is 8 000 000 000 cycles per second
8 YHz is 8 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 cycles per second
Simple way of calculating 10 powers:
10 to the 3rd power is a 1 with 3 zero's behind it
10 to the 5th power is a 1 with 5 zero's behind it
10 to the 10th power is a 1 with 10 zero's behind it
For calculating cycles per second:
for example 8 EHz is 8 x 10 to the 18th power
which is 8 000 000 000 000 000 000 cycles per second
Part 10:
1 Hz is 1 cycle per second
1 Hz is 60 cycles per minute
1 Hz is 3600 cycles per hour
1 Hz is 86400 cycles per day
1 MHz is 1 000 000 cycles per second
1 MHz is 60 000 000 cycles per minute
1 MHz is 3 600 000 000 cycles per hour
1 MHz is 86 400 000 000 cycles per day
2 MHz is 2 000 000 cycles per second
-1 000 000 x2
2 MHz is 120 000 000 cycles per minute
-60 000 000 x2
2 MHz is 7 200 000 000 cycles per hour
-3 600 000 000 x2
2 MHz is 172 800 000 000 cycles per day
-86 400 000 000
4 MHz is 240 000 000 cycles per minute
-60 000 000 x4
1 THz is 1 000 000 000 000 cycles per second
1 THz is 60 000 000 000 000 cycles per minute
1 THz is 3 600 000 000 000 000 cycles per hour
1 THz is 86 400 000 000 000 000 cycles per day
Part 10 extra:
1 mHz(millihertz) makes 86.4 cycles per day
1 GHz(Gigahertz) makes 86 400 000 000 000 cycles per day
1 EHz(Exahertz) makes 86 400 000 000 000 000 000 000 cycles per day
Part 1 Basic info:
The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI)
and is defined as one cycle per second.
Part 2 Information:
Light is electromagnetic radiation and has frequencies in the range of tens (infrared) of terahertzand thousands (ultraviolet) of terahertz.
Radio frequency radiation is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz).
The average adult human can hear sounds between 20 Hz and 16,000 Hz.
In computers, most central processing units (CPU) are labeled in terms of their clock rate expressed in megahertz or gigahertz.
gamma rays, can be measured in exahertz.
Part 3:
SI multiples for hertz (Hz):
-decahertz
-hectohertz
-Kilohertz
-Megahertz
-gigahertz
-terahertz
-petahertz
-exahertz
-zettahertz
-yottahertz
Submultiples:
decihertz
one cycle in 10 seconds
-decihertz
-centihertz
-millihertz
-microhertz
-nanohertz
-picohertz
-femtohertz
-attohertz
-zeptohertz
-yoctohertz
Part 4:
Hz = hertz
kHz = Kilohertz
MHz = Megahertz
GHz = gigahertz
THz = terahertz
PHz = petahertz
EHz = exahertz
ZHz = zettahertz
YHz = yottahertz
Part 5:
1 Hz = 0.001 kHz
10 Hz = 0.01 kHz
100 Hz = 0.1 kHz
1000 Hz = 1 kHz
2 Hz = 0.002 kHz
2000 Hz = 2 kHz
25 Hz = 0.025 kHz
2500 Hz = 2.5 kHz
25000 Hz = 25 kHz
1 kHz = 0.001 MHz
1000 kHz = 1 MHz
1 MHz = 0.001 GHz
1000 MHz = 1 GHz
1 GHz = 0.001 THz
1000 GHz = 1 THz
1 THz = 0.001 PHz
1000 THz = 1 PHz
1 PHz = 0.001 EHz
1000 PHz = 1 EHz
1 EHz = 0.001 ZHz
1000 EHz = 1 ZHz
1 ZHz = 0.001 YHz
1000 ZHz = 1 YHz
part 5 extra:
DaHz = decahertz
hHz = hectohertz
1 Hz = 0.1 DaHz
10 Hz = 1 DaHz
1 DaHz = 0.1 hHz
10 DaHz = 1 hHz
1 hHz = 0.1 kHz
10 hHz = 1 kHz
Part 6:
yHz = yoctohertz
zHz = zeptohertz
aHz = attohertz
fHz = femtohertz
pHz = picohertz
nHz = nanohertz
µHZ = microhertz
mHz = millihertz
cHZ = centihertz
dHz = decihertz
Part 7:
1 yHz = 0.001 zHz
1000 yHz = 1 zHz
1 zHz = 0.001 aHz
1000 zHz = 1 aHz
1 aHz = 0.001 fHz
1000 aHz = 1 fHz
1 fHz = 0.001 pHz
1000 fHz = 1 pHz
1 pHz = 0.001 nHz
1000 pHz = 1 nHz
1 nHz = 0.001 µHz
1000 nHz = 1 µHz
1 µHz = 0.001 mHz
1000 µHz = 1 mHz
1 mHz = 0.1 cHz
10 mHz = 1 cHz
1 cHz = 0.1 dHz
10 cHz = 1 dHz
1 dHz = 0.1 Hz
10 dHz = 1 Hz
Part 8:
Value
10 to the 1st power Hz = decahertz
10 to the 2nd power Hz = hectohertz
10 to the 3rd power Hz = kilohertz
10 to the 6th power Hz = megahertz
10 to the 9th power Hz = gigahertz
10 to the 12th power Hz = terahertz
10 to the 15th power Hz = petahertz
10 to the 18th power Hz = exahertz
10 to the 21th power Hz = zettahertz
10 to the 24th power Hz = yottahertz
Part 9:
8 Hz is 8 cycles per second
8 kHz is 8000 cycles per second
8 GHz is 8 000 000 000 cycles per second
8 YHz is 8 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 cycles per second
Simple way of calculating 10 powers:
10 to the 3rd power is a 1 with 3 zero's behind it
10 to the 5th power is a 1 with 5 zero's behind it
10 to the 10th power is a 1 with 10 zero's behind it
For calculating cycles per second:
for example 8 EHz is 8 x 10 to the 18th power
which is 8 000 000 000 000 000 000 cycles per second
Part 10:
1 Hz is 1 cycle per second
1 Hz is 60 cycles per minute
1 Hz is 3600 cycles per hour
1 Hz is 86400 cycles per day
1 MHz is 1 000 000 cycles per second
1 MHz is 60 000 000 cycles per minute
1 MHz is 3 600 000 000 cycles per hour
1 MHz is 86 400 000 000 cycles per day
2 MHz is 2 000 000 cycles per second
-1 000 000 x2
2 MHz is 120 000 000 cycles per minute
-60 000 000 x2
2 MHz is 7 200 000 000 cycles per hour
-3 600 000 000 x2
2 MHz is 172 800 000 000 cycles per day
-86 400 000 000
4 MHz is 240 000 000 cycles per minute
-60 000 000 x4
1 THz is 1 000 000 000 000 cycles per second
1 THz is 60 000 000 000 000 cycles per minute
1 THz is 3 600 000 000 000 000 cycles per hour
1 THz is 86 400 000 000 000 000 cycles per day
Part 10 extra:
1 mHz(millihertz) makes 86.4 cycles per day
1 GHz(Gigahertz) makes 86 400 000 000 000 cycles per day
1 EHz(Exahertz) makes 86 400 000 000 000 000 000 000 cycles per day
Electronic and radio warfare electronic and radio harassment, stalking and more
Electronic and radio warfare electronic and radio harassment, stalking and more.
Electronic and radio warfare:
SIGINT
Signals intelligence
Elint
Masint
Comint
Space Tech
Telepresence, haptiks and more
Covert acoustical networking, Air Gap networking
Unnoticed silent audio
Audio spotlight
Unnoticed silent acoustic hailing
Important:
RF hearing, microwave auditory effect, V2K
Unnoticed silent audio
Other:
Certain radio pirates
Hackers
Electronic and radio warfare:
SIGINT
Signals intelligence
Elint
Masint
Comint
Space Tech
Telepresence, haptiks and more
Covert acoustical networking, Air Gap networking
Unnoticed silent audio
Audio spotlight
Unnoticed silent acoustic hailing
Important:
RF hearing, microwave auditory effect, V2K
Unnoticed silent audio
Other:
Certain radio pirates
Hackers
Surveillance and detection of electronic and radio harassment stalking and warfare
Surveillance and detection of electronic and radio harassment stalking and guerilla like warfare.
With:
RDF Radio direction finding
By van, truck, helicopter, airplane or satelite
Detection, direction finding, analysis and indification.
With:
RF imaging
By van, truck, helicopter, airplane or satelite
Through wall imaging
Surveillance of certain buyings
With:
RDF Radio direction finding
By van, truck, helicopter, airplane or satelite
Detection, direction finding, analysis and indification.
With:
RF imaging
By van, truck, helicopter, airplane or satelite
Through wall imaging
Surveillance of certain buyings
A stand in device for detecting electronic and radio harassment stalking and guerilla like warfare
A stand in device for detecting electronic and radio harassment stalking and guerilla like warfare.
A stand in Device
That measures and detects almost everything
All frequenties
All fields
Scanners for full scans
And detecting and metering equipment
Detection, analysis and indification
And also important is RFID detection equipment
A stand in Device
That measures and detects almost everything
All frequenties
All fields
Scanners for full scans
And detecting and metering equipment
Detection, analysis and indification
And also important is RFID detection equipment
Laser information and colour wavelength notes
Laser information and colour wavelength notes
Basic information about lasers:
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based
on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
Lasers can also have high temporal coherence which allows them to have a very narrow spectrum, that is, they only emit a single color of light.
Laser pointers normally have wavelengths in between 400 and 700 nm.
The visable spectrum
Laser beams can be seen from a far distance.
And laser dots on objects or structures can be seen from a distance.
Laser uses:
Laser pointer
Lasers can be mounted on firearms
Optical disk drives
Laser printers
Barcode scanners
Fiber optic and free-space optical communication
Laser alarm
For example when the laser beam is touched
the alarm goes off.
Cutting
Welding
Medicine
Thermometers
Measuring range and speed
Laser lighting displays
As a military weapon
Laser weapon systems
With extreme outputs
Types of lasers and operating principles:
Gas lasers
Chemical lasers
Excimer lasers
Solid-state lasers
Fiber lasers
Photonic crystal lasers
Semiconductor lasers
Dye lasers
Free-electron lasers
Pump laser
Lasers and power examples:
1-5 mW : Laser pointer
5-40 mW : Lasers
45 mW - : Lasers and Hobby burning lasers
300 mW Some burning lasers are made out of laser pointers
that are made stronger.
Some burning lasers are made from a laser diode
gotten out of a DVD-RW drive.
You might need more then 45 mW to pop a baloon.
100-3000 W: Industrial laser cutting
15 to 150 kW and over for military uses
In some countries lasers above 5 mW are only legal for, for example companies and industrial purposes or hospitals and medical purposes.
Laser warnings:
Lasers can be damaging to the eyes.
Even weak laser pointers can be damaging to the eyes.
There are laser safety goggles to protect the eyes highly adviced when working with certain powers and wavelengths.
Hobby burning lasers can also be damaging to the epidermis.
Colour wavelengths:
There can be some difference in data when compared to other information about colours and wavelengths.
For example you also have the naming bleu-violet and yellow-orange as for example orange comes after
yellow in the wavelength spectrum when going to higher wavelength numbers and in between those two colours
it becomes hard to say what wavelength belongs to exactly what colour.
Datas shown here are approximates.
UV
Wavelengths:
238 nm to 400 nm
Blue-Violet
Wavelengths:
405 nm to 425 nm
Bleu
wavelenghts:
435 nm to 490 nm
Cyan
Wavelengths:
490 nm to 512 nm
Green
Wavelengths:
520 nm to 565 nm
Yellow
Wavelengths:
565 nm to 590 nm
Yellow-orange
Wavelengths:
Around 593.5 nm is a bit orange and is mostly called a yellow-orange laser
Orange
Wavelengths:
595 nm to 620 nm
Red
Wavelengths:
622 nm to 720 nm
Infrared
Wavelengths:
785 nm to for example 1342 nm
Extra information 1:
Nm = Nanometers
One meter equals 1,000,000,000 nanometers.
One nanometer is about the length of ten atoms in a row.
Extra information 2:
A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm.
Extra information 3:
Lasers emitting visable wavelengths below 445 nm appear violet to the human eye, a distinctly different color.
Extra information 4:
308 nm to 364 nm: near ultraviolet
238 nm to 284 nm: far ultraviolet
700 nm to 1350 nm : near infrared
1540 nm for example: far infrared
Extra information 5:
Frequency = Terahertz (one trillion cycles per second)
Bleu with a wavelength of 450 nm has a frequency of about 670 THz
Red with a wavelength of 627 nm has a frequency of about 478 THz
Basic information about lasers:
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based
on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
Lasers can also have high temporal coherence which allows them to have a very narrow spectrum, that is, they only emit a single color of light.
Laser pointers normally have wavelengths in between 400 and 700 nm.
The visable spectrum
Laser beams can be seen from a far distance.
And laser dots on objects or structures can be seen from a distance.
Laser uses:
Laser pointer
Lasers can be mounted on firearms
Optical disk drives
Laser printers
Barcode scanners
Fiber optic and free-space optical communication
Laser alarm
For example when the laser beam is touched
the alarm goes off.
Cutting
Welding
Medicine
Thermometers
Measuring range and speed
Laser lighting displays
As a military weapon
Laser weapon systems
With extreme outputs
Types of lasers and operating principles:
Gas lasers
Chemical lasers
Excimer lasers
Solid-state lasers
Fiber lasers
Photonic crystal lasers
Semiconductor lasers
Dye lasers
Free-electron lasers
Pump laser
Lasers and power examples:
1-5 mW : Laser pointer
5-40 mW : Lasers
45 mW - : Lasers and Hobby burning lasers
300 mW Some burning lasers are made out of laser pointers
that are made stronger.
Some burning lasers are made from a laser diode
gotten out of a DVD-RW drive.
You might need more then 45 mW to pop a baloon.
100-3000 W: Industrial laser cutting
15 to 150 kW and over for military uses
In some countries lasers above 5 mW are only legal for, for example companies and industrial purposes or hospitals and medical purposes.
Laser warnings:
Lasers can be damaging to the eyes.
Even weak laser pointers can be damaging to the eyes.
There are laser safety goggles to protect the eyes highly adviced when working with certain powers and wavelengths.
Hobby burning lasers can also be damaging to the epidermis.
Colour wavelengths:
There can be some difference in data when compared to other information about colours and wavelengths.
For example you also have the naming bleu-violet and yellow-orange as for example orange comes after
yellow in the wavelength spectrum when going to higher wavelength numbers and in between those two colours
it becomes hard to say what wavelength belongs to exactly what colour.
Datas shown here are approximates.
UV
Wavelengths:
238 nm to 400 nm
Blue-Violet
Wavelengths:
405 nm to 425 nm
Bleu
wavelenghts:
435 nm to 490 nm
Cyan
Wavelengths:
490 nm to 512 nm
Green
Wavelengths:
520 nm to 565 nm
Yellow
Wavelengths:
565 nm to 590 nm
Yellow-orange
Wavelengths:
Around 593.5 nm is a bit orange and is mostly called a yellow-orange laser
Orange
Wavelengths:
595 nm to 620 nm
Red
Wavelengths:
622 nm to 720 nm
Infrared
Wavelengths:
785 nm to for example 1342 nm
Extra information 1:
Nm = Nanometers
One meter equals 1,000,000,000 nanometers.
One nanometer is about the length of ten atoms in a row.
Extra information 2:
A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm.
Extra information 3:
Lasers emitting visable wavelengths below 445 nm appear violet to the human eye, a distinctly different color.
Extra information 4:
308 nm to 364 nm: near ultraviolet
238 nm to 284 nm: far ultraviolet
700 nm to 1350 nm : near infrared
1540 nm for example: far infrared
Extra information 5:
Frequency = Terahertz (one trillion cycles per second)
Bleu with a wavelength of 450 nm has a frequency of about 670 THz
Red with a wavelength of 627 nm has a frequency of about 478 THz
cubes from the elements of te periodic table and vials containing gas or liquid
Cubes from the elements of the periodic table and vials containing gas or liquid
With information about the elements with it.
With information about the elements with it.
zaterdag 12 november 2016
Food, meat information
Food, meat
It might be very important to include if the meat is for example from a bull.
bull or Buck meat is probably better for man.
Written by Jeffrey Koelewijn
It might be very important to include if the meat is for example from a bull.
bull or Buck meat is probably better for man.
Written by Jeffrey Koelewijn
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